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Al hilo del reciente sobreseimiento de Radovan Karadžić por el TPIY en relación con los cargos de genocidio, Timothy Waters defiende en su artículo Never again to genocide trials que el genocidio es un concepto con un importante significado social, que sin embargo no debería utilizarse en los tribunales judiciales. Sostiene que es prácticamente imposible probar la intencionalidad que requiere el tipo penal y, sobre todo, que es un crimen redundante, porque en los casos en que se alega operan simultáneamente las acusaciones por crímenes contra la humanidad y crímenes de guerra. Hay espacio para el debate.

Seguro que alguno de nuestros lectores estará interesado en el programa del Joint Workshop of the ESIL Interest Groups on International Environmental Law and on International Economic Law on ‘The United Nations Rio+20 Conference on Sustainable Development: Appraisals and Prospects of a Paradigmatic Concept’, que se celebrará en Valencia el miércoles 12 de septiembre (6-8pm, edificio ADEIT, aula 2.4, 2º piso), la noche anterior a la apertura de la 5ª Conferencia Bienal del ESIL.

PROGRAMME

6-6.10pm: OPENING OF THE WORKSHOP Welcome by the Co-Convenors of the ESIL Interest Groups on International Economic Law (Peter Tobias Stoll) and on International Environmental Law (Alejandra Torres Camprubí)

6.10-6.30pm: KEY NOTE SPEECH Julia Frohneberg (University of Hamburg), ‘Taking Stock of the Concept of Sustainable Development in International Law and International Relations’

6.30- 19h40: PRESENTATIONS

1. Matthias Sant’Ana and Claire Debucquois, Université Catholique de Louvain (Belgium): ‘Rio+ 20 and the Future of Sustainable Development as a Legal Concept: Lessons Learned and Challenges Ahead’

Discussant: Werner Scholtz, North-West Univeristy (South Africa)

2. Carina Costa de Oliveira, FVG-Direito Rio (Brazil), ‘The International Institutional Framework for Sustainable Development: Insufficient Focus on National Implementation’

Discussant: Rike Kraemer, University College London (United Kingdom)3. Takeo Horiguchi, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Public Policy (Japan), ‘The Influence of Sustainable Development on the Proceduralization of International Watercourse Law’

Discussant: Klaus Blank, European Commission (Directorate General for Agriculture and Rural Development)

7.40-7.55pm.: FINAL ROUND OF DISCUSSION

7.55-8pm: CLOSING OF THE WORKSHOP

El Máster Universitario en Derecho Internacional Público y Relaciones Internacionales del Instituto Ortega y Gasset se realiza a partir del curso 2012-2013 junto a la Universidad Internacional Menéndez Pelayo:

Este programa de Máster Universitario pretende ofrecer un conocimiento sistemático y profundo del Derecho Internacional Público y las Relaciones Internacionales a graduados que persigan una especialización en estas materias, sea con fines académicos o profesionales. El plan académico está organizado en tres grandes rúbricas que recorren los conceptos e instituciones clave del derecho internacional público de nuestro tiempo. Así, se examina el proceso de formación de las normas y obligaciones internacionales, los problemas de su aplicación y la responsabilidad derivada de su incumplimiento; el papel del individuo como víctima y verdugo; los problemas del mantenimiento de la paz y seguridad internacionales y el comercio internacional entre otros.

Para enriquecer las aproximaciones y los debates relativos a estas materias se ha dado entrada en cada una de ellas a dos o tres profesores del más alto nivel y especialistas en la materia a tratar, que en muchos casos añaden a su labor docente e investigadora una relevante experiencia profesional en órganos e instituciones nacionales e internacionales.

Hay un último plazo de inscripción desde el 1 al 15 de septiembre. Aquí está la información.

Vamos a hablar más de cine a partir de ahora. Comenzamos con una película basada en hechos reales: Bang-Bang Club, dirigida por el canadiense Steven Silver a partir del libro The Bang-Bang Club: Snapshots from a Hidden War, escrito por Greg Marinovich y Joao Silva, con prólogo de el Arzobispo Desmond Tutu. Bang-Bang Club era el nombre de un grupo de fotógrafos que hicieron reportajes fotográficos de los últimos días del apartheid en Sudáfrica. Uno de sus miembros, Ken Oosterbroek, murió por disparos -aparentemente de fuego amigo- cuando cubría un enfrentamiento en la ciudad de Tokoza, al sur de Johannesburgo, en el que Marinovich resultó herido.

Otro de los fotógrafos ligados al grupo era Kevin Carter, que se hizo tristemente famoso con la fotografía de la niña sudanesa y el buitre, que fue publicada en el NYT el 26 de marzo de 1993 y terminó ganando el  premio Pullitzer. Carter se suicidó poco después, endeudado y perseguido por los fantasmas de la violencia.

M A X -P L A N C K- I N S T I T U T E

F O R C O M P A R A T I V E  P U B L I C  L A W A N D I N T E R N AT I O N A L L A W

Debt and Financial Regulation in Reaction to the Crisis:
Legal Perspectives on Recent Transformations of Public
Authority
Workshop: Heidelberg, 29 November 2012
CALL FOR PAPERS

The ongoing financial and subsequent debt crisis has had an immense impact on financial regulation. The response in regulation mirrors trends in global and European governance which emerged in the last decades. While states still play an important role, their authority is complemented and transformed by international and supranational bodies. Institutions like the G20, the IMF, the Basel Committee, UNCTAD, or the European Union take the lead in both short and long term responses to the crisis. These bodies shape policy in more and more areas, ranging from fiscal policy to the resolution of insolvent banks. At the same time, they make use of new instruments in order to coordinate the crisis response, such as voluntary principles and guidelines, indicators, peer reviews, stress tests, and else.

The purpose of the workshop is to track these transformations and assess them from the perspective of legal scholarship. They raise pressing questions concerning their legality under domestic, European and international law, their legitimacy and effectiveness, the responsibility of states and international institutions, their consequences for distributive justice or legal and political integration in Europe and beyond. The workshop aims at bringing together analyses covering a broad range of issues in debt and financial regulation as well as of methodological approaches. We believe that such a broad view is necessary in order to explore the potential of legal scholarship for the understanding and conceptualization of the ongoing transformations, as well as for the formulation of responses to the questions raised.

We invite junior and senior researchers in law and related fields to submit proposals for presentations focusing on post-crisis transformations of financial regulation. The idea to carry out this workshop arises from the project on the exercise of international public authority carried out at the Max Planck Institute in Heidelberg.

However, the workshop is by no means limited to presentations following this strand of research, or critically engaging with it. Rather, we welcome contributions approaching debt and financial regulation from any theoretical, empirical, doctrinal, interdisciplinary or other perspective. The following is a non-enumerative list of suggestions:

– How to legally conceptualize the austerity measures imposed on Euro area Member States? Are they legitimate exercises of public authority? Which effect does the strengthened European economic governance have on sovereignty, fundamental rights or labor rights?
– How to legally conceptualize international efforts to restructure sovereign debt and strengthen fiscal discipline? Are they legitimate exercises of authority? Do they respect human rights? Do the UNCTAD Principles on Promoting Responsible Sovereign Lending and Borrowing strike an equitable balance among the diverging interests in matters of sovereign debt? How could their effectiveness be enhanced?
– How to legally conceptualize the transformations in bank regulation? Are informal instruments such as the revised Basel Accord, recommendations or stress tests legitimate exercises of public authority? Which conflicts might emerge from new regulation such as CRD IV or the rules for rating agencies?
– How does the interplay between international, European and domestic regulators, supervisors, and central banks work? Should financial supervisors be independent? How could systemic supervision be enhanced? How should policy-makers and regulators respond to public opposition such as the Occupy movement?

The Conference will take place on Thursday, 29 November 2012 at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law in Heidelberg, Germany.

Travel and accommodations costs will be reimbursed for participants.

Proposals for presentations not exceeding 500 words should be sent via e-mail to Matthias Goldmann and Carlino Antpöhler at regulation@mpil.de by 15 September 2012. Applicants are requested to indicate whether they intend to submit a paper (> 5,000 words), a short paper (< 5,000 words), or to make a presentation based on an exposé, outline, or power point presentation. Successful applicants will be informed by 30 September 2012. Papers must be submitted by 15 November 2012. Each presentation will be commented on by a renowned scholar or practitioner.

Organization: Professor Dr. Armin von Bogdandy, Matthias Goldmann and Carlino Antpöhler, Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law, Im Neuenheimer Feld 535, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, +49 6221 482 1, regulation@mpil.de.

For more information about the project on the exercise of international public authority see here.

La CIJ ha publicado hoy su sentencia en el caso de las cuestiones relativas a la obligación de juzgar o extraditar (Bélgica v Senegal).  La Corte ha decidido que, en el supuesto de que el Sr. Hissène Habré no sea extraditado, la República de Senegal debe, sin demoras, someter el caso del Sr. Habré a las autoridades competentes con el fin de ser juzgado.

On Monitoring, Reporting, and Fact-finding Mechanisms
By Rob Grace and Claude Bruderlein

A simple glance at recent news headlines reveals the growing prevalence of international missions tasked to monitor and report on potential violations of international law. In the past few months alone, the United Nations (UN) dispatched a team to monitor the ceasefire in Syria, and the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) mandated a commission of inquiry to examine Israeli settlements in the West Bank, extended the mandate of the International Commission of Inquiry on Syria, and mandated a new Special Rapporteur on human rights and the environment.  These missions are part of a rapidly growing trend.  The international community — imbued, since the end of the Cold War, with a new sense of responsibility for international legal accountability and civilian protection — has increasingly employed monitoring, reporting, and fact-finding (MRF) mechanisms to collect information on the vulnerabilities of civilian populations and investigate potential violations of international law.

But the recent proliferation of MRF mechanisms has outpaced endeavors of MRF policymakers to reflect on past practice.  As a consequence, MRF actors have struggled — and continue to struggle — with a paucity of sufficient resources and guidance.  ThisReflection contemplates how this state of affairs arose, examines the key challenges that result, and ponders possible pathways forward.

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Según se ha informado en opinio juris, tampoco esta vez se ha conseguido una mayoría suficiente en el Senado para hacer posible que EE.UU. se convierta en un Estado parte de la Convención de Naciones para el Derecho del Mar de 1982 (Convemar). Ese blog organizó hace unas semanas un interesante debate sobre las razones para ser parte o mantenerse formalmente fuera de la Convemar.

Ignacio de la Rasilla del Moral ha publicado en SSRN su trabajo «The Study of International Law in the Spanish Short Nineteenth Century» (12 Chicago Kent Journal of International and Comparative Law 2012-2013, forthcoming ), que se puede descargar aquí. A continuación transcribo el resumen en inglés y también uno en castellano, que nos ha facilitado el autor.

Abstract: 

This work, which is part of an on-going series on the rise and fall of the Vitorian tradition of International Law, examines the establishment in the early 1840s of the first chairs of international law in Europe against the background of the independence of the Latin-American Republics and relates the development of Spanish international law production during the first half of the nineteenth century. The second part follows the evolution of international legal studies in Spain until the year 1883, when chairs in Public International Law and Private International Law outside Madrid were established in seven other Spanish universities. The third part reviews the – albeit short-lived – first specialized international law journal ever established in Spain, and examines how Spanish production in the field was fostered by the professionalization reform of 1883. This part also deals with the Salamanca School’s parallel rediscovery in both Spain and Europe in the last third of the short Spanish nineteenth century. The impact that the revival of interest in Francisco de Vitoria had in providing Spanish international law academia with a quasi-national identity leads to some conclusions on its lasting legacy to the study of international law in the cradle of the first Empire in history on which the sun never set.

Resumen:

La primera parte de este trabajo revisa el establecimiento en los años 40 del siglo XIX de las primeras cátedras de Derecho internacional en Europa contra el trasfondo de la independencia de las Republicas latinoamericanas y examina la producción iusinternacionalista española durante la primera mitad del siglo XIX. La segunda parte examina la evolución de los estudios jurídicos internacionales en España hasta 1883 cuando las cátedras de Derecho internacional público y privado fueron establecidas en otras Universidades españolas. La tercera parte examina como la producción iusinternacionalista española fue desarrollada por la reforma profesionalizadora de 1883 y examina el paralelo descubrimiento de la escuela de Salamanca tanto en España como en Europa en el último tercio del corto siglo español. El impacto que la recuperación del interés en Francisco de Vitoria tuvo en proporcionar a la academia iusinternacionalista española con una identidad cuasi-nacional conduce a ciertas conclusiones sobre su legado en el estudio del derecho internacional en la cuna del primer imperio en la historia en la que no se ponía el sol.

El manuscrito de mi artículo «Jus Cogens and Jurisdictional Immunities of States at the International Court of Justice: A Conflict Does Exist», que será publicado en el próximamente en el Italian Yearbook of International Law (vol. 21, 2011), ya se puede consultar y descargar desde esta dirección en SSRN. A continuación transcribo el abstract.

In its judgment of 3 February 2012 in Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (Germany v Italy: Greece intervening), the International Court of Justice has considered the relationship between jus cogens and the rule of State immunity. The Court has denied the existence of a jus cogens exception to the rule of State jurisdictional immunities based primarily on the distinction between peremptory norms as rules of substance and jurisdictional immunities as rules of procedure. For the Court, a conflict between rules on jurisdictional immunities, “essentially procedural in nature,” and substantive rules of jus cogens is conceptually impossible. This comment presents a critique of the approach and reasoning of the Court regarding the absolute separation between procedural and substantive rules, and supports that a legal conflict may exist between jus cogens and jurisdictional immunities. Moreover, it sustains that the decision of the Court is neither an ideal kind of stability for international law nor an encouraging legal message to national judges dealing with public interest claims arising from serious violations of international law.

Gracias por los comentarios y las críticas.